Croatia
Croatia remains a low performer in the CCPI, falling five spots and ranking 45th. The country receives a low rating in GHG Emissions, Energy Use, and Climate Policy and a medium in Renewable Energy.
Croatia’s climate policy framework shows some alignment with the EU targets, as the country has developed and published a revised National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP). However, the CCPI country experts note that the National Long-Term Strategy (NLTS) urgently needs revision to reflect updated EU targets. The revised NECP lacks a gas phase-out date.
Renewables legislation in place, but implementation and political will are lacking
In energy, Croatia has legislation in place to support renewable energy sources and biofuels, but implementation remains weak and the political will to strengthen the framework is limited. The experts also criticise the encouragement of new fossil fuel exploration as a missed opportunity to redirect funds toward renewables and efficiency improvements. The permitting process for renewables remains lengthy and complex.
Biomass is still a significant part of Croatia’s energy system, accounting for 38.9% of total primary energy production in 2023. Croatia continues to be a net exporter of biomass, though export volumes have recently decreased. Environmental issues persist, especially in rural and low-income communities where outdated stoves and poor insulation lead to higher biomass use and air pollution. Pollution from biomass combustion is not reported separately, which limits transparency.
The experts recommend setting a clear gas phase-out date and stopping fossil fuel use. Rather than focusing on new fossil fuel infrastructure, funds should be allocated to renewable energy development and improving energy efficiency in all sectors. They also call for stronger cooperation between civil society climate initiatives and the federal government.
Key Outcomes
- Croatia remains a low performer in the CCPI, falling five spots and ranking 45th
- Biomass is still a significant part of Croatia’s energy system
- Key demands: setting a clear gas phase-out date and stopping fossil fuel use
CCPI Experts
The following national experts agreed to be mentioned as contributors for this year’s CCPI:
