Mexico

Mexico rises from a low performer to a medium performer in this year’s CCPI, now 31st. The country has a medium rating in GHG Emissions, Energy Use, and Climate Policy, but very low in Renewable Energy.

In 2012, Mexico adopted the General Law on Climate Change (LGCC), which was later aligned with the Paris Agreement. Mexico, during COP29 in Baku, committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. The CCPI country experts welcome these ambitions but note the slow implementation and lack of clear mandates and responsibilities could hinder effective coordination at the subnational level. They call for clear roadmaps, greater private sector and civil society participation, and a fossil fuel subsidy phase-out plan.

Energy ambitions raised, but clean energy sector needs strengthening

In energy policy, Mexico raised its ambition in 2024, now aiming for 45% clean energy by 2030. In March 2025, a new legal framework was approved, including a package of secondary energy laws designed to strengthen energy sector planning. This package also aims to ensure binding and sustainable planning to promote energy justice, clean energy, and energy efficiency.

However, the experts emphasise that Mexico must further strengthen its clean energy sector. They also stress the importance of compliance with the rights of indigenous peoples, Afro-descendants, and rural communities to avoid socio-environmental conflicts and human rights violations. The country currently plans to increase its oil and gas production.

Engaging internationally, needs an updated NDC and support for socio-economically vulnerable citizens

Internationally, the experts welcome President Claudia Sheinbaum’s active role at COP29, especially her engagement in green finance initiatives. They acknowledge, however, that international tensions have made some diplomatic relations challenging – notably the breakdown of relations with Ecuador in 2024 and frictions with the United States over trade issues, which complicate international climate cooperation.

The experts expect the Mexican government to publish an updated NDC 3.0, including clear sectoral pathways and robust indicators. They urge Mexico to accelerate its energy transition, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and prioritise renewable energy and energy efficiency. They also recommend increasing support for socio-economically vulnerable citizens, including funding for solar power installations, clean cooking stoves in rural areas, and expanded public transportation financing.

Key Outcomes

CCPI experts

The following national experts agreed to be mentioned as contributors for this year’s CCPI:

• Jorge Villarreal Padilla, Mariana Gutiérrez Grados, Carlos Lozano, Karla Alejandra Corsino Zavaleta, Lisbeth Camacho Téllez, July Puentes & José Morales (Iniciativa Climática de México)
• Dr. José María Valenzuela (El Colegio de México)